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1.
Oral Dis ; 28(6): 1561-1572, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34263964

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinicopathologic features of acquired oral syphilis cases in South American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the records of 18 oral diagnostic services in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay, and Peru. Serologies of nontreponemal and treponemal tests were used for diagnosis. RESULTS: The series comprised 339 cases of acquired oral syphilis. Secondary syphilis ranked as the most common stage (86.7%). Lesions were more frequent among males (58.0%) and young adults with a mean age of 33.3 years. Individuals aged 20-29 years were most affected (35.3%). The most commonly involved sites were the tongue (31.6%), lip/labial commissure (25.1%), and hard/soft palate (20.4%). Clinically, acquired oral syphilis usually presented as mucous patches (28.4%), papules (25.7%), and ulcers (18.1%). Skin manifestations occurred in 67.7% of individuals, while lymphadenopathy and fever were observed in 61.3% and 11.6% of all subjects, respectively. Most patients were treated with the benzathine penicillin G antibiotic. CONCLUSION: This report validates the spread of acquired oral syphilis infection among young adults in South America. Our directives include accessible diagnostic tools for proper disease screening, surveillance, and counselling of affected individuals, especially in low- and middle-income countries.


Assuntos
Doenças da Boca , Sífilis , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças da Boca/diagnóstico , Doenças da Boca/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Palato Duro , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/tratamento farmacológico , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
2.
Salud UNINORTE ; 37(3): 715-739, sep.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377278

RESUMO

RESUMEN En diciembre de 2019 se identificó por primera vez en Wuhan China el SARS-CoV-2, un nuevo tipo de coronavirus de la familia Coronaviridae del género β-CoV. El 11 de marzo del 2020 la OMS lo declara pandemia y hasta el 19 de diciembre de 2021 han sido afectados 192 países con 235 547 850 casos confirmados y 4 811 951 personas fallecidas. El SARS-CoV-2 afecta a los humanos, sin distinción de género, raza o edad, pero las personas con comorbilidades como hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares o diabetes Mellitus tienen peor pronóstico. Entre las rutas de transmisión de persona a persona se describen el contacto directo con mucosas y por inhalación de aerosoles o saliva. Por lo cual solo con guantes, mascarilla quirúrgica y visor como protección, los profesionales con más alto riesgo de contagio son los odontólogos, al estar en contacto directo con el paciente, con instrumental, materiales contaminados de fluidos del paciente y con los aerosoles que se generan en algunos de los procedimientos que realizan. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, JOMOS, NIH y CDC, analizando los datos encontrados para proponer los cambios más adaptables a nuestro entorno. El objetivo de este trabajo de revisión de información reciente y relevante acerca de la atención odontológica en tiempos de SARS-CoV-2, es proponer cambios estructurales en la atención, para garantizar la bioseguridad de pacientes, personal odontológico y talento humano presente en la consulta odontológica. Teniendo en cuenta la situación ocasionada por la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, es recomendable adaptar e implementar medidas en la atención, pertinentes al comportamiento de este virus.


ABSTRACT In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus of the Coronaviridae family of the β-CoV genes, was identified for the first time in Wuhan, China. On March 11th 2020, WHO declared it a pandemic, and by December 19th 2021, 192 countries have been affected, with 235 547 850 confirmed cases and 4.811.951 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 affects humans, regardless of gender, race or age, but people with comorbidities, such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease or diabetes Mellitus have a worse prognosis. Among the routes of transmission from person to person we find direct contact with mucous membranes, and by inhalation of aerosols or saliva. Therefore, by just using surgical masks, gloves, and protective screens, some of the professionals with the highest risk of contagion are dentists, since in addition to being in direct contact with the patient, most of the time, they are also in direct contact with the materials contaminated with the patient's fluids and aerosols, that are generated in some of the procedures. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, JOMOS, NIH and CDC, to analyze the data found, in order to propose the most adaptable changes to our environment. The objective of this work is to review the most recent and relevant information about the care in dental clinics in times of SARS-CoV-2, and to propose some structural changes in dental care to guarantee the biosecurity of patients, dental staff, and human talent present at the dental clinic. Taking into consideration the health situation in the world caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is advisable to adapt and implement the correct biosafety measures in the dental care according to this virus.

3.
Salud UNINORTE ; 37(1): 220-229, ene.-abr. 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365977

RESUMO

RESUMEN El síndrome de Tourette (ST) es un trastorno neurológico-conductual crónico que comienza en la infancia y la adolescencia. Su característica principal es la emisión de múltiples tics motores y fónicos de distinto tipo y complejidad. Se asocian a vocalizaciones involuntarias (ecolalia, coprolalia). A menudo empeoran cuando la persona está excitada o padece de ansiedad y se atenúan durante la realización de actividades calmadas o que requieren de concentración. Su tratamiento consiste en el uso de medicamentos que pueden causar efectos adversos o la intervención global de comportamiento para tics (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, CBIT), que es un tratamiento conductual no farmacológico diseñado para enseñar a los pacientes y sus familias un conjunto específico de habilidades para reducir la frecuencia, la intensidad y el impacto general de los tics motores y vocales. Se reporta caso clínico de paciente de 13 años de edad que asistió a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena por presentar úlcera dolorosa en cavidad bucal. Como terapéutica se decidió utilizar la placa de protección mucosa (PPM) en el maxilar, y se observó una disminución del tamaño de la úlcera y en el control a los 45 días se observó la cicatrización completa de la lesión. Se complementó el tratamiento bucal con la remisión a tratamiento psicológico de soporte.


ABSTRACT Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurological-behavioral disorder that begins in childhood and adolescence. Its main characteristic is the emission of multiple motor and phonic tics of different types and complexity. They are associated with involuntary vocalizations (echolalia, coprolalia). They often worsen when the person is excited or has anxiety and becomes less alert during calm or concentration-intensive activities. Its treatment consists in the use of drugs that can cause adverse effects or the global behavioral intervention for tics (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, CBIT) which is a non-pharmacological behavioral treatment designed to teach patients and their families a specific set of skills to reduce the frequency, intensity and overall impact of motor and vocal tics. We report a case of a 13-year-old patient who attended the University of Cartagena School of Dentistry due to a painful ulcer in the oral cavity. As a therapy, it was decided to use the mucosal protective plate (PPM) in the maxilla, observing a decrease in the size of the ulcer, and in the control at 45 days the complete healing of the lesion was observed. The oral treatment was complemented with the referral to psychological support treatment.

4.
Odontol. sanmarquina (Impr.) ; 24(1): 89-94, Ene-Mar. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1150876

RESUMO

El penfigoide de la membrana mucosa es una enfermedad autoinmune, que afecta a los diferentes estratos de la mucosa y la piel, y se caracteriza por lesiones vesiculo-ampollosas polimórficas. Presentando combinaciones variables de lesiones orales, oculares, cutáneas, genitales, nasofaríngeas, esofágicas y laríngeas. Su relación con las neoplasias malignas es poco conocida y sigue siendo controvertida. El presente artículo describe el manejo multidisciplinario de una paciente de 46 años de edad que desarrolló un penfigoide de membrana mucosa a nivel de la cavidad oral. Esta patología estuvo asociada a un carcinoma de pulmón, y posteriormente presentó alteraciones multiorgánicas. El tratamiento fue realizado por las especialidades de dermatología, medicina interna, cirugía general, oftalmología, estomatología, cirugía oral y maxilofacial, dicho tratamiento se llevó a cabo por etapas y tuvo una duración de 2 meses aproximadamente, logrando la resolución de las lesiones que presentaba la paciente. Consideramos que se abre una puerta para futuras investigaciones que confirman la relación entre el penfigoide de la membrana mucosa y el carcinoma de pulmón.


Mucous membrane pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease that affects different layers from mucosa and skin, characterized by polymorphic vesicular-bullous lesions, presenting variable combinations of oral, ocular, skin, genital, nasopharyngeal, esophageal, and laryngeal lesions. Its relationship to malignant neoplasms is poorly understood and remains controversial. This article describes the multidisciplinary management of a 46-year-old patient who developed mucous membrane pemphigoid at the oral cavity level. This pathology was associated with lung carcinoma, and later presented multiorgan alterations, for which a treatment was carried out with the specialties of dermatology, internal medicine, general surgery, ophthalmology, stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, said treatment was carried out in stages and lasted for approximately 2 months, achieving the resolution about lesions that patient presented. We believe that a door opens for future research confirming the relationship between mucous membrane pemphigoid and lung carcinoma.

5.
Arch. med ; 21(1): 24-34, 2021/01/03.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1148354

RESUMO

Objective: to determine the presence and distribution of markers of the epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) (S-100A4 and alpha-smooth muscle actin-α-SMA) in gingival tissues of patients affected by Gingival hypertrophy (GH) due to orthodontics.GH is an exaggerated increase in gingival tissue whose pathogenesis is unknown. However, it has been reported that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a process involved in other types of GH. Materials and methods: descriptive study that included the analysis of gingival tissues of healthy individuals (n = 6) and patients with GH by orthodontic treatment (n = 6). Before gingival surgery, the patients underwent a periodontal hygiene phase. The gingival tissue samples obtained were processed and embedded in paraffin. The cuts were made with a microtome and deposited on polysine adhesion slides. Histological hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed.The identification and location of S-100A4 and α-SMA markers was determined by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. The reading of the findings was carried out by oral pathologists. Results: in healthy individuals, an S100A4 label was observed in Langerhans cells, while α-SMA was identified in the vascular endothelium of all samples analysed. However, in patients with GH due to orthodontics, they registered an intense staining of S100A4 in gingival fibroblasts, Langerhans cells, vascular endothelium, and areas adjacent to the rupture of blood vessel. α-SMA expression in GO was detected in the vascular endothelium and gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: the differential immunostaining of EMT markers in gingival tissues of patients with orthodontic GH suggests an eventual role of EMT in the pathogenesis of this pathology..Au


Objective: to determine the presence and distribution of markers of the epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) (S-100A4 and alpha-smooth muscle actin-α-SMA) in gingival tissues of patients affected by Gingival hypertrophy (GH) due to orthodontics. GH is an exaggerated increase in gingival tissue whose pathogenesis is unknown. However, it has been reported that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a process involved in other types of GH. Materials and methods: descriptive study that included the analysis of gingival tissues of healthy individuals (n = 6) and patients with GH by orthodontic treatment (n = 6). Before gingival surgery, the patients underwent a periodontal hygiene phase. The gingival tissue samples obtained were processed and embedded in paraffin. The cuts were made with a microtome and deposited on polysine adhesion slides. Histological hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. The identification and location of S-100A4 and α-SMA markers was determined by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. The reading of the findings was carried out by oral pathologists. Results: in healthy individuals, an S100A4 label was observed in Langerhans cells, while α-SMA was identified in the vascular endothelium of all samples analysed. However, in patients with GH due to orthodontics, they registered an intense staining of S100A4 in gingival fibroblasts, Langerhans cells, vascular endothelium, and areas adjacent to the rupture of blood vessel. α-SMA expression in GO was detected in the vascular endothelium and gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: the differential immunostaining of EMT markers in gingival tissues of patients with orthodontic GH suggests an eventual role of EMT in the pathogenesis of this pathology..Au


Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes , Tecidos , Proteína A4 de Ligação a Cálcio da Família S100
6.
Acta odontol. Colomb. (En linea) ; 9(2): 47-58, 2019. Tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1025603

RESUMO

Objetivo: el presente estudio se propone describir las características epidemiológicas de pacientes fumadores invertidos que asisten a consulta en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en 40 fumadores invertidos activos, escogidos mediante muestreo por conveniencia en bola de nieve. Se describieron las características sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas de los sujetos de estudio y se realizaron diagnósticos mediante biopsia de las lesiones encontradas. El análisis estadístico consistió en el hallazgo de frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: el sexo femenino (90%), el oficio de ama de casa (55%) y la raza negra (97,5%) fueron las características más frecuentes en los sujetos; en relación con el motivo de la práctica, la aceptación social fue la causa más prevalente (60%); y el diagnóstico más reportado fue el paladar del fumador invertido (85%). Adicionalmente, se encontraron tres casos de cáncer oral (7,5%), y el sitio anatómico más comprometido fue el paladar duro (85%). Conclusiones: el hábito del tabaquismo invertido está asociado a un marcado deseo de aceptación social de quienes lo practican, que tiene origen en las tradiciones de su comunidad, derivadas de la adaptación a su zona geográfica de residencia y a la realización de las labores diarias. Dicho hábito se presenta predominantemente en mujeres de raza negra, amas de casa y mayores de 45 años. En cavidad bucal, los sitios más afectados son el paladar duro y la lengua; mientras que los diagnósticos más frecuentes son palatitis nicotínica y melanosis del fumador.


Objective: the present study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of inverted smokers who attend a dental consultation in the School of Dentistry of the University of Cartagena. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out on 40 active inverted smokers, selected by snowball convenience sampling. The sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of the study subjects were described, and diagnoses were made by biopsy of the lesions found. The statistical analysis consisted in the finding of frequencies and percentages. Results: the female sex (90%), the housewife occupation (55%) and the black race (97.5%) were the most frequent characteristics in the subjects; in relation to the reason for the practice, social acceptance was the most prevalent cause (60%); and the most reported diagnosis was the palate of the inverted smoker (85%). Additionally, three cases of oral cancer were found (7.5%), and the most compromised anatomical site was the hard palate (85%). Conclusions: the habit of inverted smoking is associated with a marked desire for social acceptance of those who practice it, which originates in the traditions of their community, derived from the adaptation to their geographical area of residence and to the performance of daily tasks. This habit occurs predominantly in black women, housewives and over 45s. In the oral cavity, the most affected sites are the hard palate and the tongue; while the most frequent diagnoses are nicotinic palatitis and smoker's melanosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Fumar , Epidemiologia , Palato Duro , Neoplasias
7.
Salud UNINORTE ; 34(2): 294-301, mayo-ago. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004583

RESUMO

Abstract Objectives: To identify the prevalence and epidemiology of endodontic pathologies present in patients who attended the consultation at the School of Dentistry of the University of Cartagena. Methods: Cross-sectional study, where endodontic clinical records were taken in 2015, with 630 and 285 clinical records in undergraduate and postgraduate respectively. Results: Patients older than 45 years were the ones who attended the most for an endodontic consultation (71.7% in undergraduate and 55.7% in postgraduate). The female sex was the most prevalent (68% in undergraduate and 70.1% in graduate). The most affected dental organs were the upper anterior teeth in the undergraduate program (37.9%) and the lower molars in the postgraduate program (31.22%). The most prevalent etiology was bacterial (55%); and the most frequent diagnosis was asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in both undergraduate (31.4%) and postgraduate (20%). Conclusion: Nowadays most of the treatments performed in the clinics are due to pathological conditions that affect the pulp and the periapical area of the tooth, so it is of great importance for dentists to know the distribution and prevalence of these pathologies.


Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y epidemiología de las patologías endodónticas presentes en pacientes que acuden a consulta en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, donde se tomaron las historias clínicas de endodoncia en el año 2015; 630 y 285 historias clínicas en pregrado y posgrado respectivamente. Resultados: Los pacientes mayores de 45 años fueron los que más acudieron a consulta por endodoncia (71,7 % en pregrado y 55,7 % en posgrado). El sexo femenino fue el que más predominó (68 % en pregrado y 70,1 % en posgrado). Los órganos dentarios más afectados fueron los anterosuperiores en pregrado (37,9 %) y los molares inferiores en posgrado (31,22 %). La etiología más prevalente fue la bacteriana (55 %); y el diagnóstico que más se presentó fue la pulpitis irreversible asintomática tanto en pregrado (31,4 %) como en posgrado (20 %). Conclusión: En la actualidad, gran parte de los tratamientos que se realizan en la clínica son debido a condiciones patológicas que afectan la pulpa y el periápice del diente, por lo que resulta de gran importancia para el odontólogo conocer la distribución y prevalencia de dichas patologías.

8.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 16(2): 357-367, abr.-ago. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959702

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: el pénfigo vulgar es una enfermedad autoinmune poco común de piel y mucosas, su etiología es desconocida y presenta una elevada tasa de mortalidad. Las manifestaciones de esta patología son comunes en cavidad bucal; por ende, el odontólogo tiene una gran responsabilidad en realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y, de esta manera, mejorar el pronóstico. Presentación del caso: paciente sexo femenino de 63 años con diagnóstico de pénfigo vulgar y lesiones en cavidad bucal y piel; el tratamiento se realizó en equipo entre el departamento de estomatología y dermatología. El manejo sistémico fue con prednisolona en dosis altas que disminuían en periodos determinados; además, se medicó con in-munosupresor, antihistamínico, antibióticos y antimicóticos. Para tratar las lesiones en cavidad bucal se utiliza una fórmula magistral compuesta por hidrocortisona, vitamina A, E, glicerina de bajo peso molecular y xilocaína en orabase aplicada en las lesiones. El tratamiento se realizó por 4 meses, a la primera semana se logró la resolución de la sintomatología en cavidad bucal y piel; se logró la cicatrización completa de todas las lesiones y no se registró recidiva luego de culminado el tratamiento. Conclusión: la literatura coindice en que la prednisolona es el medicamento de elección para tratar dicha patología, se encuentra que un diagnóstico oportuno evitaría el uso de estos medicamentos en altas dosis y por largos periodos, evitando así reacciones adversas; el uso de la fórmula magistral para lesiones en cavidad bucal no se reporta en la literatura, por ende, se considera importante su divulgación.


Abstract Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes, its etiology is unknown and has a high mortality rate. The manifestations of this pathology are common in the oral cavity, so the dentist has a great responsibility in making a timely diagnosis, thus improving the prognosis. Case presentation: A 63-year-old female patient with a pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis and lesions in the oral cavity and skin. The treatment was performed in teamwork between the departments of stomatology and dermatology. The systemic management was with prednisolone in high doses that diminished in determined periods of time; also immunosuppressive, antihistaminic, antibiotics and antimycotics medication was conducted. To treat lesions in the oral cavity, a master formula composed of hydrocortisone, vitamins A and E, low molecular weight glycerin and xylocaine in Orabase were applied to the lesions. The treatment was carried out for four months, after the first week, the resolution of the symptomatology in the oral cavity and skin was achieved; complete healing of all lesions was reached and no relapse was recorded after completion of treatment. Conclusion: The literature agrees that prednisolone is the drug of choice to treat this condition, it is found that a timely diagnosis would avoid the use of these drugs in high doses and for long periods of time, thus avoiding adverse reactions. The use of the master formula for lesions in the oral cavity is not reported in the literature and therefore its disclosure is considered important.


Resumo Introdução: o pênfigo vulgar é uma doença autoimune pouco comum de pele e mucosas, a sua etiologia é desconhecida e apresenta uma taxa elevada de mortalidade. As manifestações desta patologia são comuns em cavidade bucal, consequentemente o odontólogo tem uma grande responsabilidade em realizar um diagnóstico oportuno e desta forma melhorar o prognóstico. Apresentação do caso: paciente de sexo feminino de 63 anos, com diagnóstico de pênfigo vulgar, e lesões em cavidade bucal e pele; o tratamento se realizou em equipe entre o departamento de estomatologia e dermatologia. O manejo sistémico foi com prednisolona em doses altas que diminuíam em períodos de tempo determinados; além disso, medicou-se com imunossupressor, anti-histamínico, antibióticos e antifúngico. Para tratar as lesões em cavidade bucal se utiliza uma fórmula magistral composta por hidrocortisona, vitamina A, E, glicerol de baixo peso molecular e xilocaína em orabase aplicada nas lesões. O tratamento realizou-se por 4 meses, à primeira semana se conseguiu a resolução da sintomatologia em cavidade bucal e pele; conseguiu-se a cicatrização completa de todas as lesões e não se registrou recidiva depois de culminado o tratamento. Conclusão: a literatura coincide em que a prednisolona é o medicamento de eleição para tratar dita patologia, se encontra que um diagnóstico oportuno evitaria o uso destes medicamentos em altas doses e por longos períodos de tempo, assim evitando reações adversas; o uso da fórmula magistral para lesões em cavidade bucal não se reporta na literatura, consequentemente se considera importante a sua divulgação.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicina Bucal , Pênfigo , Corticosteroides , Colômbia , Dermatologia
9.
Gen Dent ; 66(2): 47-49, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29513235

RESUMO

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has an affinity for squamous cells of stratified keratinized epithelium, thus affecting the lower genital, nasal, and oral tracts. In the oral cavity, HPV is associated with pathoses such as the verruca vulgaris (common wart), squamous cell papilloma, condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart), and focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease). Among the treatments available for these lesions are cryotherapy, electrosurgery, surgical removal, laser therapy, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The objective of this research was to determine the behavior of HPV-associated oral pathoses treated with TCA. A prospective cohort study was performed in 20 patients who attended a dental consultation at 2 universities in Cartagena, Colombia. Among the patients, 65% were diagnosed as having focal epithelial hyperplasia, 20% as having verrucae vulgares, and 15% as having condylomata acuminata. Application of TCA to HPV-associated oral lesions proved to be a useful nonsurgical alternative treatment, as the resolution of the lesions was achieved atraumatically in a span of 45 days with 3 applications of 30-60 seconds each.


Assuntos
Cáusticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças da Boca/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Boca/virologia , Papillomaviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Tricloroacético/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Condiloma Acuminado/tratamento farmacológico , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Feminino , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Verrugas/tratamento farmacológico , Verrugas/virologia
10.
Univ. salud ; 20(1): 82-88, ene.-abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-904689

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual se definen como un grupo de infecciones causadas por diversos agentes que se adquieren durante las relaciones sexuales. Éstas además suelen generar manifestaciones en boca. Objetivo: Determinar las lesiones características en cavidad bucal de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con 37 pacientes que asistieron a los servicios de Estomatología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Cartagena y el Hospital Alemán en Buenos Aires durante 2015 y 2016. Se realizó historia clínica completa con pruebas Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) y Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absortion (FTA-ABS) en pacientes con presunción de sífilis. Además de análisis histopatológico y Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) en pacientes con presunción de Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH). Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 38 años, predominó el sexo masculino. El 54,1% fueron diagnosticados con sífilis y la lesión más encontrada en estos fue la pápula. El 45,9% restante fueron diagnosticados con VPH, la lesión predominante en estos fue la verrugosidad. Conclusiones: El odontólogo debe contribuir en la detección temprana de enfermedades de transmisión sexual identificando manifestaciones de éstas en boca; con el fin de evitar su evolución y prevenir su transmisión.


Abstract Introduction: Sexually transmitted diseases are defined as a group of infections caused by various agents which are acquired during sexual intercourse. They also tend to generate manifestations in the mouth. Objective: To determine the typical lesions in oral cavity of sexually transmitted diseases. Materials and methods: A descriptive transversal study was conducted with 37 patients who attended the stomatology services of the University of Buenos Aires, University of Cartagena and the Aleman Hospital in Buenos Aires during 2015 and 2016. A complete clinical history was carried out with Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absortion (FTA-ABS) tests in patients with presumption of syphilis. In addition, histopathological analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was made in patients with presumption of Human papillomavirus (HPV). Results: The average age of the patients was 38, where male sex predominated. 54.1% were diagnosed with syphilis and the most found lesion in them was the papule. The remaining 45.9% were diagnosed with HPV, the predominant lesion in them was a wart. Conclusions: The dentist should contribute to the early detection of sexually transmitted diseases by identifying manifestations of these in the mouth in order to prevent their evolution and prevent their transmission.


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Bucal , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Cancro , Medicina Interna , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Sífilis , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis
11.
Univ. odontol ; 37(78): 1-18, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-995674

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Los desórdenes potencialmente malignos (DPM) son aquellas situaciones clínicas en la cavidad bucal que presentan un riesgo aumentado de malignización neoplásica, debido a la exposición a factores de riesgo o alteraciones genéticas. Es necesario realizar revisiones de la evidencia de este tipo de desórdenes para desarrollar o actualizar guías de práctica clínica idóneas. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, la evidencia reciente sobre DPM de la cavidad bucal y su transformación maligna, con el fin de proporcionar recomendaciones de manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, SciELO y EMBASE, utilizando la combinación de seis descriptores. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial arrojó 1743 títulos y la muestra consistió en 67 artículos después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las DPM identificadas fueron liquen plano oral, palatitis nicotínica, hábito de fumar invertido, queilitis actínica, eritroplasia y leucoplasia oral y úlcera traumática crónica. Conclusión: Cada tipo de lesión tiene distinto potencial de malignización, entre los cuales la eritroplasia, el liquen plano oral variante erosivo y la queilitis actínica poseen el mayor riesgo.


Background: Potentially malignant disorders (PMD) are clinical oral cavity conditions that pose an increased risk of neoplastic malignization due to exposure to risk factors or genetic alterations. It is necessary to conduct evidence-based reviews of this type of disorders to develop or update adequate clinical practice guidelines. Purpose: Identify, through an integrative review of literature, recent evidence on PMDs in the oral cavity and their malignant transformation, in order to provide diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Methods: A literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Elsevier, SciELO, and EMBASE, using a combination of six descriptors. Results: The initial search showed 1743 titles and the sample, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consisted of 67 articles. The PMDs identified were oral lichen planus, nicotinic palatitis, inverted smoking habit, actinic cheilitis, oral erythroplakia and leukoplakia, and chronic traumatic ulcer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Bucal , Patologia Bucal , Odontologia
12.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 20(4): 243-247, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-961576

RESUMO

Propósito: El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de la terapia con el ácido tricloroacético en el tratamiento de las lesiones orales producidas en la hiperplasia epitelial focal. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 11 pacientes que presentaron características clínicas e histopatológicas de hiperplasia epitelial focal y que aceptaron participar en el estudio, se aplicó muestreo por conveniencia, en pacientes que asistieron a consulta de la clínica odontológica de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez y la Universidad de Cartagena, se les realizó biopsia excisional en una de las lesiones para establecer diagnóstico anatomopatológico, posteriormente se aplicó ácido tricloroacético al 80% sobre las lesiones cada quince días hasta que desaparecieron. Resultados: De un total de 11 pacientes pediátricos el 63.64% fueron de género femenino, promedio de edad fue nueve años, los sitios de mayor afección en cavidad bucal fueron mucosa labial superior e inferior representando un 100%, en el estudio anatomopatológico se describió la presencia de acantosis epitelial, papilomatosis y coilocitosis en todos los casos, el mayor número de aplicaciones con el ácido fue tres y cuatro veces con un 27%, el promedio de desaparición de las lesiones fue de 61.3 días, no se ha presentado recidiva en el 100% de los casos. Conclusión: La aplicación del ácido tricloroacético en la hiperplasia epitelial focal es una técnica efectiva, consiguiendo la resolución de las lesiones en forma rápida, poco traumática, sin generar ansiedad y temor en los pacientes.


Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess effectiveness of trichloroacetic acid therapy in the treatment of oral lesions produced in focal epithelial hyperplasia cases. Material and methods: In the present study 11 patients were included. Patients exhibited clinical and histopathological characteristics of focal hyperplasia and were willing to participate in the study. Convenience sampling was executed in patients attending clinical consultation at the Dental Clinic of the Rafael Nuñez University Corporation and the University of Cartagena. Patients underwent excision biopsy in one of the lesions so as to establish anatomical-pathological diagnosis. Subsequently, 80% trichloroacetic acid was applied every two weeks on the lesions, until lesions disappeared. Results: Out of 11 pediatric patients 63.64% were female, average age nine years. Locations of greater involvement in the mouth were upper and lower labial mucosa (representing 100%). Anatomical-pathological study revealed in all cases presence of epithelial acanthosis, papillomatosis and koilocytiosis. The greatest number of acid applications was three and four episodes with 27%, average time for lesion disappearance was 61.3 days. No relapse was observed in 100% of cases. Conclusion: Trichloroacetic acid application in focal epithelial hyperplasia cases is an effective technique which achieves rapid, atraumatic stress-free lesion resolution which did not generate fear in involved patients.

13.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 53(2): 24-28, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-784992

RESUMO

Introducción: el cáncer bucal ha mostrado un incremento en su incidencia mundial, a pesar de esto, en nuestra ciudad no se encuentran registros epidemiológicos que permitan actualizar la información nacional y así consolidar datos más certeros del comportamiento de la entidad en nuestro medio. Objetivo: determinar las características del comportamiento del cáncer bucal en un hospital de Cartagena de Indias-Colombia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las muestras de pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de cáncer bucal, remitidas al laboratorio de patología de un hospital de Cartagena de Indias-Colombia, entre 2007 a 2011. El total de solicitudes de estudio anatomopatológico revisadas fue de 215, se seleccionaron 73 muestras (33,9 por ciento) de pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de cáncer bucal y otras muestras de zonas anexas a la cavidad bucal, como ganglios linfáticos, faringe, laringe y maxilares. Las variables estudiadas fueron, edad, sexo, procedencia, hábitos, año de diagnóstico y diagnóstico histopatológico. Resultados: el 53 por ciento de los casos (n= 39) eran mujeres, el rango de edades en el que se realizó el mayor número de diagnósticos fue entre 60 y 67 años (23 por ciento). La media para la edad fue de 66 años (± 14). El diagnóstico más común fue el de carcinoma escamocelular (86,3 por ciento de los casos); 93,2 por ciento de los pacientes consumían cigarrillo. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de mayor frecuencia fue el de carcinoma escamocelular. No hubo preferencias por sexo en la muestra analizada. El rango de edad con mayor número de diagnósticos, fue la sexta década de vida. El consumo de cigarrillo fue el hábito más relacionado con el cáncer bucal. Se destacó que el 30,1 por ciento de los diagnósticos se hicieron en el año 2010, seguido por 27,4 por ciento en 2011(AU)


Introduction: despite the fact that the global incidence of oral cancer has increased, no epidemiological records are found in our town which would allow to update nationwide information and thus consolidate more accurate data about the behavior of this condition in our area. Objective: determine the characteristics of the behavior of oral cancer at a hospital in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Methods: a retrospective study was conducted of samples from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of oral cancer sent to the pathology laboratory of a hospital in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, from 2007 to 2011. The total number of anatomopathological studies reviewed was 215, and 73 samples (33.9 percent) were selected from patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of oral cancer, as well as other samples from areas adjacent to the oral cavity, such as lymph glands, pharynx, larynx and maxillas. The variables studied were age, sex, origin, habits, year of diagnosis and histopathologic diagnosis. Results: 53 percent of the cases (n= 39) were women. The age range with the highest number of diagnoses was the 60-67 group (23 percent). Mean age was 66 years (± 14). The most common diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (86.3 percent of the cases). 93.2 percent of the patients were smokers. Conclusions: the most common diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. No significant differences were found between the sexes. The age bracket with the highest number of diagnoses was the sixth decade of life. Smoking was the habit most frequently related to oral cancer. 30.1 percent of the diagnoses were made in the year 2010, followed by 27.4 percent in 2011(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Colômbia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
14.
Salud UNINORTE ; 27(1): 135-146, ene.-jun. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-637286

RESUMO

A nivel de la pedagogia mundial se manejan concepciones acerca del papel que desempena un educador y un estudiante durante el proceso de aprendizaje. Es nuestra preocupación prestar mucha atención en nuestro entorno, donde se observa que la pedagogia tradicional sigue predominando y los contenidos de las asignaturas son transmitidos verbalmente en forma vertical hacia unos alumnos cuyo papel es el de receptores pasivos, aislados y distantes; el maestro es el poseedor de la verdad a partir de una serie de experiencias acumuladas, y lo que transmite, el centro de la actividad. Con este trabajo se pretende realizar un llamado de atención a los docentes del área y aproximarlos al concepto piagetano, que considera que el conocimiento no resulta del simple registro de información; debe haber mediación entre una actividad productiva por parte del sujeto que aprende en interacción con el objeto, y que no existen estructuras cognoscitivas innatas en el hombre. Por el contrario, esta teoria propone que la inteligencia crea estructuras por medio de la organización de sucesivas acciones realizadas sobre los objetos, de modo que su psicogénesis es únicamente constructivista, basada en una elaboración continua de nuevas operaciones y estructuras de pensamiento. Para que el enfoque constructivista sea viable se requerirán no solo cambios en los roles senalados de docentes y, especialmente, de los alumnos, sino en los demás componentes del sistema educativo.


Regarding pedagogy, conceptions are held world-wide about the role of an educator and a student during the learning process. Our concern is to pay close attention to our environment, where it is observed that the traditional pedagogy and content continues to dominate the subjects. Knowledge is vertically transmitted by the teacher to a group of students whose role is that of passive recipients, isolated and remote. the teacher is the holder of truth thanks to series of accumulated experience and what is transmitted, is the main part of the activity. Throughout this document, it is intended as a warning to teachers in the area and Piagetian approaches to the concept, who believes that knowledge is not just the recording of information, but that there should be mediation between a productive activity by the learner in interaction with the object, and that there are not innate cognitive structures in man. In contrast, this theory proposes that intelligence creates structures through the organization of successive actions performed on objects, so its constructivist psychogenesis is only based on a continuous developing of new operations and structures of thought. For the constructivist approach it is feasible, and it will require not only changes in the roles outlined for teachers and especially students, but in other areas of the education system.

15.
Acta odontol. venez ; 49(3)2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-678831

RESUMO

La Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal es una patología que se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples pápulas en la mucosa de la cavidad oral, producida por subtipos del papiloma virus humano 13 y 32, normalmente se presenta en niños y adolescentes, las lesiones se encuentran con mayor frecuencia en las mucosas labial, yugal y Iingual. Entre las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento se encuentra la quirúrgica, criocirugía, vitamina A, ablación con laser. El ácido tricloroacético es utilizado en el tratamiento de infecciones con virus del papiloma humano como condiloma, papiloma, verrugas vulgares en la mucosa vaginal arrojando buenos resultados presentándose resolución de las lesiones y mucosa vaginal en buen estado. Se reportan dos casos de pacientes femeninas pediátricas, remitida al servicio de estomatología y cirugía bucal de la universidad de Cartagena para el manejo y diagnóstico de múltiples lesiones en mucosa bucal. Se establece diagnóstico de hiperplasia epitelial focal y se decide implementar terapéutica con la aplicación de acido tricloroacético al 95%, observándose resolución de las lesiones con dos aplicaciones tópicas


Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a condition that is characterized by the presence of several papules on the oral cavity mucous membrane, It`s of viral etiology caused by human papilloma virus subtypes 13 and 32, usually occurs in children and adolescents rarely affects adults, injuries are more frequently found in the labial mucosa, buccal and Iingual. Among the various treatment alternatives include surgery, cryosurgery, vitamin A, laser ablation. Trichloroacetic acid is used in the treatment of infections with human papilloma virus as condyloma, papilloma, warts in the vaginal mucosa showing good results, successful resolution of the lesions and vaginal mucosa and in good condition. We report two cases of female patient, referred to the department of stomatologic and oral Surgery of Cartagena University for further management and diagnosis of multiple lesions in the oral mucosa. Diagnosis of focal epithelial hyperplasia is established and decided to implement therapeutic application of trichloroacetic acid 95%, observing resolution of lesions with two topical applications


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Ácido Tricloroacético/uso terapêutico , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/patologia , Odontopediatria
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